Specific feedback
Συγκεκριμένη ανατροφοδότηση
Feedback that names one observable thing, with a date on it, and what it cost the work, so the other person leaves holding something they can check and something they can change. In the review that sorted feedback into four levels, this is the task and process end of it, the far end from the self level.
How to spot it
Ask whether the other person could write down one thing to do differently tomorrow out of what you just said.
The research behind the term
The term is not our invention. It comes from published research, and what follows is what that research found — our own synthesis of the published abstract, not a translation of the original.
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The Power of Feedback — doi:10.3102/003465430298487
What it found
- Feedback is among the most powerful influences on learning, but its effect can also be negative.
- What is decisive is not whether feedback is given, but what kind it is and how it is given.
- A model is proposed that identifies the properties and the conditions under which feedback becomes effective, along with issues such as the timing of its delivery and the effects of positive and negative feedback.
How it found it
Conceptual analysis of feedback combined with a review of the empirical findings on its effect on learning and performance.
Practised in
The term does not stay a definition. It appears inside missions where the pattern happens in real time and you have to recognise it as it happens to you.
Delivering Difficult Feedback
Sources
Every claim on this page maps to published research. The citations link to the original source.
- Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The Power of Feedback — doi:10.3102/003465430298487